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| 30 Seconds Over Tokyo | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed past | Mervyn LeRoy |
| Screenplay by | Dalton Trumbo |
| Based on | Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1943) by Ted W. Lawson and Robert Considine |
| Produced by | Sam Zimbalist |
| Starring | Van Johnson Robert Walker Spencer Tracy |
| Cinematography | Robert Surtees, ASC Harold Rosson, ASC |
| Edited by | Frank Sullivan |
| Music past | Herbert Stothart |
| Production | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
| Distributed by | Loew's Inc.[1] |
| Release date |
|
| Running time | 138 minutes |
| State | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $2.9 million[2] |
| Box office | $6.two 1000000[two] [3] |
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 American state of war flick produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo is based on the 1943 book of the aforementioned name by Helm Ted W. Lawson. Lawson was a airplane pilot on the historic Doolittle Raid, America's beginning retaliatory air strike against Nihon, four months after the December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid was planned, led by, and named after United states Army Air Forces Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, who was promoted ii ranks, to Brigadier General, the solar day afterward the raid.
Sam Zimbalist was the film's producer and Mervyn LeRoy directed. The movie stars Van Johnson as Lawson; Phyllis Thaxter as his wife, Ellen; Robert Walker as Corporal David Thatcher; Robert Mitchum every bit Lieutenant Bob Gray; and Spencer Tracy every bit Lieutenant Colonel—and soon Full general— Jimmy Doolittle. Tracy's appearance in the film is more in the nature of a guest star; he receives special billing rather than his usual summit billing and has considerably less screen time than star Van Johnson.
In the book, Lawson gives an eyewitness account of the intensive training, the mission, and the aftermath equally experienced by his crew and by others who flew the mission on April 18, 1942. Lawson piloted "The Ruptured Duck", the seventh of 16 B-25s to take off from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet. The motion picture depicted the raid accurately and used actual wartime footage of the bombers.
Plot [edit]
Non long afterward the Pearl Harbor assault, U.s. Army Air Forces Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle orders 24 Due north American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers—with volunteer crews—to report to Eglin Field, Florida, for a clandestine 3-month-long mission. They arrive on March ane.[4] Amid them is the craft piloted by Ted Lawson. His crew consists of Lt. Dean Davenport, co-pilot; Lt. Charles McClure, navigator, Lt. Bob Clever, bombardier, and Corporal David Thatcher, gunner-mechanic.
Doolittle warns them: This work is top-secret. He offers them the chance to opt out, particularly if they have wives and families. Lawson's married woman, Ellen, drives to Eglin Field to join him. She is significant. They are very much in love, but giving up never occurs to them.
The intensive training includes learning how to take off on a runway just 500 feet long as taught by an instructor Naval Aviator from nearby Pensacola Naval Air Station.[5] They are not told why, and those who guess go on placidity. Lawson'south aeroplane acquires the nickname "Ruptured Duck" and nose fine art to match. One dark morning, Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle sends them off to fly cross-land at hedge-hopping height to Naval Air Station Alameda, California. The planes are immediately loaded aboard the aircraft carrier USSHornet.
At last, Doolittle reveals the mission: Bomb Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe and Nagoya. The carrier will get them within 400 miles of mainland Nihon. After dropping their payloads, they volition go along to designated landing spots in parts of China controlled by Nationalist forces and regroup in Chungking.[6] [seven]
The next solar day, they learn almost takeoff procedures: If a plane malfunctions, it will be pushed over the side. Lt. Jurika works with each crew on its own bombing run. At the penultimate briefing, Doolittle warns that any man who cannot cope with the unavoidable killing of civilians should drop out, without shame.
The call to battle stations comes twice daily, at dawn and sunset, when the enemy "pig boats" (submarines) come up. When an enemy surface vessel does discover the convoy, the crews assemble to take off immediately—12 hours earlier than planned. It volition be daylight over Japan and night when they reach Red china. Doolittle leads the raid, dropping incendiary bombs to mark cardinal targets. The Ruptured Duck is the 7th flight.[8] Flying depression over the ocean and into Tokyo, through the fume of burning targets, dropping their bombs as planned. Flak bursts around them, simply fighters ignore them.
Lawson crashes in the surf while trying to land on a beach in darkness and heavy rain. Everyone but Thatcher is badly injured. Lawson'south left leg is laid open to the bone, and McLure's shoulders are broken. Friendly Chinese aid them, and the Americans face hardships and danger while beingness escorted through Japanese-held territory. In the absenteeism of any medical supplies, the injured men endure terrible hurting, and Lawson's leg becomes infected. He dreams of Ellen.
At that place is a Red Cantankerous imprint in the village of XingMing. Doctor Chung arrives with skillful news and bad. He volition take them to his father's infirmary, some 19 miles farther. The bad news is that the Japanese take captured an American coiffure. Hurrying into the hills, they look dorsum: XingMing is burning.[ix]
In that location is no surgeon at the elder Dr. Chung'southward infirmary, but Lt. Smith'due south crew is on its mode with Lt. "Doc" White, who volunteered as gunner. The Japanese approach, and the able-bodied Americans leave, except for Doc. He takes Lawson's leg off well above the knee, using the single dose of spinal anesthesia in their possession. Information technology wears off too soon.[ten] Lawson passes out and dreams of Ellen.
Cutting to a chorus of Girl Scouts singing "The Star-Spangled Imprint", in Standard mandarin, celebrating Lawson'south first twenty-four hours out of bed. His brow shows a tracery of scars.[11] When Dr. Chung senior gives Lawson an heirloom bracelet for his married woman, Lawson is puzzled. He does not remember talking about her. When he totters on his crutches, he becomes distraught at the thought of Ellen seeing him similar this. They bustle to Ch'ang Chou to rendezvous with an American airplane that takes them domicile.
General Doolittle calls Ellen. Sobbing with joy, she tells her mother why Ted refuses to see her: "Equally if that would matter!" Doolittle visits Lawson in the infirmary and tells him he has work for him to exercise. When Ellen comes in, Lawson, overjoyed, forgets his missing leg and stands. He falls and they embrace on the floor, all smiles. "When things were the worst...I could see your face, your cute face up." he says. "I knew you lot were coming abode, Ted", Ellen declares.
Cast [edit]
Van Johnson
Robert Walker
Spencer Tracy
- Van Johnson as Captain Ted West. Lawson, Pilot of The Ruptured Duck
- Robert Walker as Corporal David Thatcher, gunner-mechanic.
- Tim Murdock as Lt. Dean Davenport, co-pilot
- Don DeFore as Lt. Charles McClure, navigator
- Gordon McDonald every bit Lt. Bob Clever, bombardier
- Phyllis Thaxter as Ellen Lawson
- Stephen McNally as Lt. Thomas "Doctor" White, gunner on Lt. Smith's plane.
- Spencer Tracy as Lieutenant Colonel and and then Brigadier Full general Jimmy Doolittle
- John R. Reilly as Lt. Jacob "Shorty" Manch
- Robert Mitchum as Lt. Bob Gray
- Scott McKay equally Captain David M. "Davey" Jones
- Donald Curtis every bit Lt. Randall
- Louis Jean Heydt as Navy Lieutenant Henry Miller
- William "Nib" Phillips as Lt. Don Smith
- Douglas Cowan as Lt. Everett "Brick" Holstrom
- Paul Langton every bit Captain "Ski" York
- Leon Ames as Lt. Jurika
- Bill Williams as Bud Felton
- Robert Bice as "Jig" White
- Hsin Kung as Dr. Chung
- Benson Fong every bit Immature Dr. Chung
- Ching Wah Lee as Guerilla Charlie
- Alan Napier as Mr. Parker
- Ann Shoemaker as Mrs. Parker
- Dorothy Morris every bit Jane
- Jacqueline White every bit Emmy York
- Selena Royle equally Mrs. Reynolds
- John Dehner as Lieutenant Commander (uncredited)
- Blake Edwards equally Lt. Smith's crewman (uncredited)
Cast notes
- Phyllis Thaxter, Tim Murdock, Steve Brodie, and Robert Mitchum fabricated their screen debuts in this movie.[12]
Production [edit]
There is an fault in the onscreen credits, perpetuated in many sources, including the Variety review. They listing Ted W. Lawson and Robert Considine equally authors of both "the book" and a "story" in Collier's magazine. In that location was no such story. Lawson was the sole author of the volume 30 Seconds Over Tokyo, and the discussion "Collier'southward" was crossed off in the credits of the copyright cutting continuity.[12]
The B-25s virtually to launch from USS Hornet. Admiral Halsey (Morris Ankrum) is saluting in the foreground.
"The Ruptured Duck" flies over a burning target in 30 Seconds over Tokyo
The picture is known for its authentic depiction of the raid and use of actual wartime footage of the bombing aircraft. The production crew worked closely with Captain Ted Lawson and other members of the raid to make the film as realistic as possible. Filming at Hurlburt Field and Peel Field near Mary Esther, Florida, and Eglin Field (the actual base where the Doolittle Raiders trained), and operational USAAF B-25C and B-25D bombers were used (closely resembling the B-25B Mitchells used in 1942). Auxiliary Field 4, Peel Field, was used for the short-distance take off practice scenes.[13]
Dean Davenport was a technical adviser and stunt flyer for the film. He flew a B-25 bomber off a pier in Santa Monica, Calif., for a scene showing the takeoffs from the Hornet.[14]
Although an aircraft carrier was non available, due to wartime needs (USS Hornet itself had been sunk in the Boxing of the Santa Cruz Islands on Oct 27, 1942 only half-dozen months subsequently launching the raid), a mix of realistic studio sets and original newsreel footage recreated the USS Hornet scenes. Principal photography took identify betwixt February and June 1944.[15] [Notation 1]
Reception [edit]
The film received favorable reviews. Look mag praised information technology every bit one of the five all-time films of the yr, and the National Board of Review ranked it as eighth-all-time film of the year. The Hollywood Reporter reviewer called it "one of the greatest war pictures e'er made".[12]
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo was recognized equally an inspirational, patriotic movie with great value as a morale builder for wartime audiences. The New York Times in 1944 summed the product, "our first sensational raid on Japan in April 1942 is told with magnificent integrity and dramatic eloquence."[16] Variety focused on the human being elements, "inspired casting ... the war becomes a highly personalized thing through the actions of these coiffure members...this pleasant little family."[17]
Afterward reviewers take considered Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo the finest aviation film of the menstruum.[eighteen] The film is now considered a "classic aviation and war pic."[xix] The actual Raiders considered it a worthy tribute.[20]
Box-office [edit]
According to MGM records, the motion picture fabricated $four,297,000 in the US and Canada and $1,950,000 elsewhere, resulting in a turn a profit of $one,382,000.[2]
Awards and honors [edit]
In the 1945 Academy Awards, the Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo team of A. Arnold Gillespie, Donald Jahraus and Warren Newcombe (photography) and Douglas Shearer (audio) won the Oscar for All-time Special Effects. Robert Surtees, A.S.C. and Harold Rosson, A.Southward.C. were nominated in the category of Blackness and White Cinematography.[21] [22]
American Film Institute lists:
- AFI'due south 100 Years...100 Movies - Nominated
- AFI'due south 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
- Lt. Colonel James H. Doolittle - Nominated Hero
- AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - Nominated
In popular culture [edit]
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo star Van Johnson appeared in a 1970 commercial for Post Fortified Oat Flakes breakfast cereal on a set evoking an shipping carrier flight deck with B-25s on board. He ended with the line that the cereal would "take me to Tokyo – and dorsum!"[23]
- Jefferson Plane's 2d live album, Thirty Seconds Over Winterland (1973), and experimental rock band Pere Ubu's 1975 debut single, "30 Seconds Over Tokyo", are named after the motion-picture show.[24] [25]
- The moving-picture show The Purple Centre (1944) is a fictionalized account of the fates of American airmen from the Doolittle raid who are placed on trial in a Japanese court.
- The pic Pearl Harbor (2001) includes a fictionalized version of the raid.
- The opening scene of the flick Midway (1976) uses footage from Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo to launch the motion-picture show'due south plot with the Doolittle Raid.
- In the Seinfeld flavor 3 episode "The Keys", Kramer mentions to Jerry that he is watching the moving-picture show.
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo inspired The Simpsons episode "Thirty Minutes over Tokyo".[26]
References [edit]
Informational notes
- ^ MGM's studio fifteen provided room for 179 feet (55 one thousand) of carrier deck. Three actual B-25s were used on the set and the remainder were matte paintings of the deck and B-25s integrated into the background.
Citations
- ^ 30 Seconds Over Tokyo at the American Film Establish Catalog
- ^ a b c "The Eddie Mannix Ledger." Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Flick Report (Los Angeles).
- ^ "Best Top Grossers". Variety, January 8, 1964, p. 69.
- ^ The film does non mention that the planes were specially modified before beingness handed over to the crews.
- ^ The short takeoff space was necessary because the bombers were too big to be stored belowdecks. As shown in the film, they were lashed to the.carrier. The Official Website of the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders
- ^ Glines 1998, pp. 166–168.
- ^ Although the pilots were told that they had a l-50 run a risk of survival, 77 out of fourscore men initially survived the raid. The Japanese deployed massive numbers of troops which ravaged the countryside searching for airmen and taking reprisals.
- ^ Although about sources land that the men of the Doolittle Raid were the get-go to wing bombers of this type off of an aircraft carrier, they were non the get-go. On February 2, 1942, 2 USAAF pilots took ii B-25's off the USS Hornet'due south deck, to meet if information technology could be done. Neither pilot went on the Doolittle Raid. The Official Website of the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders
- ^ An April xv, 2015, article in Smithsonian mag, The Untold Story of the Vengeful Japanese Set on Subsequently the Doolittle Raid excerpted past James M. Scott from his book, Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor, describes the horror of those reprisals.
- ^ Dr. White received the Argent Star for Gallantry in the line of duty for saving Lawson's life by amputating his leg. White donated some of his own blood to Lawson. Doolittle Raiders
- ^ Van Johnson was in a devastating auto blow in April 1943 during the filming of A Guy Named Joe. His face was permanently scarred. The harm to Lawson's countenance was far more severe than the movie shows. After he returned home, he endured reconstruction of his lower face up and a second amputation. See Ted W. Lawson.
- ^ a b c "AFI|Itemize. Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo: History". catalog.afi.com . Retrieved 2020-02-07 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Eglin in the Movies." Archived 2013-10-15 at the Wayback Machine video.onset.freedom.com. Retrieved: October 27, 2011.
- ^ Goldstein, Richard (2000-02-21). "Dean Davenport, 81, Aviator in Doolittle Raid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-02-09 .
- ^ Orriss 1984, p. 93.
- ^ Orriss 1984, p. 100.
- ^ Staff (December 31, 1943) "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo" Variety. Retrieved: November 22, 2011.
- ^ Orriss 1984, pp. 93–94.
- ^ Harwick and Schnepf 1989, pp. xiii–fourteen, 61–62.
- ^ Aylworth, Roger H. "No secrets: Chicago Airplane pilot'south Wife Knew About 1942 Doolittle Raid." Archived 2002-06-21 at the Wayback Motorcar Chicago Enterprise-Record. Retrieved: Nov 22, 2011.
- ^ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners.' oscars.org. Retrieved: June 23, 2013.
- ^ "1945 Academy Awards: Awards and Winners." filmsite.org. Retrieved: November 22, 2011.
- ^ "MacDonald & Associates' Television Commercials: Mixed Ads 61-70." Archived 2010-05-16 at the Wayback Machine MacDonald & Associates, 2002. Retrieved: October 27, 2011.
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "30 Seconds Over Winterland - Jefferson Aeroplane |." AllMusic, 2011. Retrieved: October 27, 2011.
- ^ "Pere Ubu Biography". Pere Ubu, 2011. Retrieved: October 27, 2011.
- ^ Meyer, George. "Commentary for 'Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo'." The Simpsons: The Complete Tenth Season [DVD], 20th Century Fox, 2007.
Bibliography
- Dolan, Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-86124-229-7.
- Glines, Carroll V. The Doolittle Raid: America's Daring First Strike Against Japan. New York: Orion Books, 1988. ISBN 0-88740-347-half-dozen
- Harwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies". The Making of the Great Aviation Films, General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
- Orriss, Bruce. When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Pic Classics of World State of war Two. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. ISBN 0-9613088-0-10.
External links [edit]
- Xxx Seconds Over Tokyo at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo at IMDb
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo at AllMovie
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo at the TCM Picture Database
- The book Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo may exist borrowed from the Net Archive
- Official Website of the Doolittle Raiders
- Children of the Doolittle Raiders
zunigathadisitud1984.blogspot.com
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Seconds_Over_Tokyo
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